The impact of economic integration on cross-border trade in Nigeria: An evaluation of ECOWAS initiatives (2000–2020)
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Background of the Study :
Economic integration initiatives, such as those spearheaded by the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS), are designed to facilitate cross-border trade, enhance regional cooperation, and promote economic growth. In Nigeria, participation in ECOWAS initiatives between 2000 and 2020 has aimed to reduce trade barriers, harmonize regulations, and increase market access among member states (Nwankwo, 2023). The integration of regional markets is expected to lead to increased trade volumes, lower transaction costs, and enhanced competitiveness of domestic industries. Empirical studies have demonstrated that regions engaged in economic integration experience significant benefits, including improved infrastructure and technology transfer (Adeniyi, 2024). However, challenges such as policy non-uniformity, infrastructural deficits, and political instability may hinder the full potential of these initiatives. This study evaluates the impact of ECOWAS initiatives on cross-border trade in Nigeria by analyzing trade data, policy documents, and stakeholder interviews. The goal is to assess how economic integration influences trade flows and to recommend strategies to maximize the benefits of regional cooperation (Chinwe, 2025).
Statement of the Problem
Despite ECOWAS initiatives designed to enhance cross-border trade, Nigeria faces persistent challenges in reaping the full benefits of economic integration. Policy inconsistencies, infrastructural shortcomings, and political instability have limited trade growth and hindered regional economic cooperation (Nwankwo, 2023). This study seeks to identify the factors that impede effective economic integration and to evaluate their impact on cross-border trade, providing a basis for improving regional trade policies.
Objectives of the Study:
1. To evaluate the impact of ECOWAS initiatives on cross-border trade.
2. To identify barriers to effective economic integration.
3. To propose policy recommendations to enhance trade flows.
Research Questions:
1. How do ECOWAS initiatives affect cross-border trade in Nigeria?
2. What challenges limit the effectiveness of economic integration?
3. What policy measures can enhance regional trade?
Research Hypotheses:
1. Economic integration initiatives boost cross-border trade.
2. Infrastructural deficits hinder trade effectiveness.
3. Policy reforms improve regional trade outcomes.
Significance of the Study (100 words):
This study is significant as it assesses the impact of ECOWAS initiatives on cross-border trade in Nigeria, providing insights to improve regional economic integration. The findings will inform policymakers about the challenges and opportunities in enhancing trade flows, contributing to greater regional cooperation and economic growth (Nwankwo, 2023).
Scope and Limitations of the Study:
This study is limited to ECOWAS initiatives and their impact on cross-border trade in Nigeria from 2000 to 2020. It does not extend to non-ECOWAS integration or other economic sectors.
Definitions of Terms:
1. Economic Integration: The process of eliminating barriers to trade between countries.
2. Cross-Border Trade: Trade of goods and services across national boundaries.
3. ECOWAS: The Economic Community of West African States.
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